How can thyroid problems affect menstrual health? Expert answers. (Image: iStock)
Women are more likely to develop thyroid problems compared to men. The thyroid can have a significant impact on women’s reproductive health, especially on menstrual cycles and ovulation. It is due to hormonal imbalances in the thyroid gland which is situated in the neck. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing an adequate amount of hormones to regulate metabolism and various crucial functions in the body. There are two types of thyroid disease such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Women who are diagnosed with thyroid problems often complain of problems with their menstrual cycles.
Times Now Digital spoke to Dr Nisha Pansare, Fertility Consultant, Nova IVF Fertility, Pune
Understanding the connection between thyroid hormones and the reproductive system.
“The thyroid gland produces two main hormones, T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). These help the body boost metabolism, produce energy and balance hormones. The reproductive system is closely linked to the functions of the thyroid as these hormones interact with other hormones like estrogen, progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are actively involved in regulating menstrual cycles. When the thyroid is overactive or underactive, it can lead to hormonal imbalance resulting in missed menstrual cycles and ovulation,” explained Dr Nisha.
Menstrual problems associated with thyroid problems.
- Amenorrhea: A type of condition in which women do not have periods for more than a few months. This may be due to a dysfunction of the thyroid gland. It can lead to primary amenorrhea (when a girl has not started menstruating until she is 15 years old) or secondary amenorrhea (when a woman already menstruates but has not had a period in the last 4 or 5 months).
- AnovulationThis is when the ovaries are unable to release eggs during menstrual cycles. The hormonal imbalance caused by an overactive or underactive thyroid can significantly disrupt the ovulation process and lead to fertility problems.
- Changes in menstrual flow:Women often complain of changes in menstrual flow after being diagnosed with thyroid disease. This may include changes such as heavy menstrual bleeding, shorter or longer periods, irregular periods, and spotting between periods.
- Fertility problems:Thyroid gland dysfunction can severely affect ovulation, making natural conception difficult. The sudden increase in prolactin levels can prevent the fertilization of eggs. However, thyroid levels can be controlled with the help of certain medications and lifestyle modifications to increase your chances of getting pregnant.
How is the thyroid monitored and treated?
Treatment to effectively manage thyroid can vary from person to person depending on the symptoms you experience. Women are advised to consult an expert for regular checkups to know more about their thyroid imbalance. Your doctor may suggest certain medications to maintain your thyroid levels and improve your health. The main reason is to bring your thyroid levels back to a healthy range to prevent further complications. Other treatment options may include radioactive immunotherapy, beta blockers, and even surgery if needed.
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