High-tech wildlife study in Arunachal Pradesh reveals 36 elusive snow leopards exist in the state

A recent survey has confirmed that Arunachal Pradesh is home to 36 snow leopards. This survey, conducted by the Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in collaboration with WWF-India, was launched recently by Arunachal Pradesh Forest Minister Wangki Lowang. The report marks the first scientifically sound estimate of snow leopard population and density in the state, and provides a basis for establishing a long-term monitoring plan for this elusive species.

The snow leopard (biological name Panthera uncia) is recognized as the top predator of the trans-Himalayan region and has cultural significance in the folklore and traditions of the Himalayan communities that coexist with it.

In 2008, the Government of India started the Snow Leopard Project, to conserve and protect high-altitude wildlife and their habitat through conservation policies.

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The project recognizes the connection between the unique cultures and livelihoods of mountain communities and the landscape they inhabit, emphasizing their role in conservation efforts.

In Arunachal Pradesh, cat species like the snow leopard are considered symbols associated with spiritual importance among many tribes. Violation of the hunting taboos of these carnivores often carries severe social sanctions. Despite having more than 15,000 square kilometers of potential snow leopard habitat, the region has been largely unexplored from a wildlife research and conservation perspective.

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The DoEFCC initiated the population assessment project in 2021, which highlights the challenge posed by the rugged and inaccessible terrain typical of snow leopard habitat.

The study is innovative for its comprehensive approach to assessing the snow leopard population across potential habitat. Using advanced simulation techniques, the project was executed through extensive field work involving state forest department staff. From June 24 to December 9, 2021, camera trapping was conducted at 115 locations and interviews were conducted at 160 sites to assess snow leopard presence and threats to its habitat.

Surprisingly, more than 80% of those interviewed confirmed having seen snow leopards. The investigation revealed that the main threats include accidental killings and entrapment, particularly in districts such as West Kameng and Tawang, where retaliatory killings also pose significant risks. Additionally, large-scale infrastructure development and free-ranging dogs were identified as serious threats to wildlife in these high elevation areas.