Dengue symptoms in children: warning signs, emergency care, preventive measures to protect children from dengue

By: Dr. Faisal B Nahdi, MD (Peds), DCH, PGDHHM, Pediatrician, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad.

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection, poses a significant health threat, especially to children. Recognizing severe dengue early can save lives. This article takes an in-depth look at critical warning signs and the emergency care needed to combat this threat.

Understanding dengue fever

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus manifests itself in two forms: dengue fever and severe dengue, with the latter being more dangerous, particularly for children. Another report by the National Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) highlights that children under the age of 15 years account for a significant portion of dengue cases in India. This vulnerability is due to the development of their immune systems, which makes them more susceptible to severe complications.

Warning signs of severe dengue in children

The initial symptoms of dengue fever can be deceptive. Symptoms such as fever, headache and fatigue may seem like those of a common childhood illness. However, for some children, the illness takes on a sinister turn and develops into severe dengue fever. Early detection is essential to navigate this critical juncture.

Children may also experience severe pain behind the eyes and muscle pain, making them unusually irritable. Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common, and sometimes lead to dehydration. Bleeding tendencies, such as nosebleeds or bleeding from the gums, and skin rashes are signs that the disease is getting worse. Fatigue and restlessness are critical signs that the body is having problems.

Any type of bleeding, from nosebleeds to blood in vomit or stool, is a warning sign. This means that the child’s ability to form blood clots is compromised, a possible consequence of severe dengue. Persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and unusual bleeding tendencies demand immediate medical attention. These symptoms often indicate a more aggressive form of the disease, which requires quick action by parents.

Emergency care for severe dengue

Immediate action is crucial. Make sure your child is hydrated – oral rehydration solutions can be life-saving. Seek medical attention immediately. In severe cases, hospitalization is necessary for intravenous fluids and close monitoring. Medical interventions may include platelet transfusions and medications to control symptoms. Treatment for severe dengue focuses on supportive care, symptom control, and prevention of complications. This may involve intravenous fluids, medications to control bleeding, and close monitoring of vital signs.

Preventive measures

The best defense against dengue is prevention. Dengue prevention begins with controlling mosquito populations. Use mosquito nets and repellents and eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed. Community awareness campaigns can educate the public about prevention strategies.

Remember that while dengue fever in children initially seems like a common illness, it can take a sharp turn. By arming yourself with knowledge of the warning signs and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention, you can become your child’s strongest advocate in the fight against this stealthy enemy.

Recognizing the warning signs of severe dengue in children and knowing emergency care measures can save lives. Stay alert, take preventive measures, and ensure prompt medical attention to combat this serious health threat.