World Mosquito Day 2024: Diseases to watch out for during the monsoon season

The monsoon season, which spans across various parts of the world, brings with it much-needed relief from the scorching summer heat. However, this season also creates ideal breeding conditions for mosquitoes, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of mosquito-borne diseases during monsoon to stay on track. Here are some of the most common diseases to be aware of:

Malaria

Malaria is one of the most well-known mosquito-borne diseases, caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications and even death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malaria remains a major public health problem, with more than 240 million cases reported globally in 2022.

Dengue Fever

Dengue, caused by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is another mosquito-borne disease prevalent during the monsoon. It presents with high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, and a skin rash. In severe cases, dengue can develop into dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which can be fatal. The WHO estimates that about half of the world’s population is at risk of contracting dengue, with millions of cases occurring each year.

Chikungunya

Chikungunya is also transmitted by the Aedes mosquito and its symptoms are often similar to those of dengue, including sudden onset of fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, nausea, fatigue and rash. While chikungunya is rarely fatal, joint pain can be severe and debilitating, lasting for months or even years. The disease is common in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly during the rainy season.

Zika virus

The Zika virus, also transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, gained global attention during the 2015–2016 outbreak in Brazil. Although most Zika infections are asymptomatic or mild, the virus can cause severe birth defects if a pregnant woman becomes infected, leading to conditions such as microcephaly. Symptoms of Zika virus infection include mild fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, and headache.

Japanese encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection transmitted by the Culex mosquito, found primarily in rural and agricultural areas of Asia. JE affects the brain, causing inflammation, high fever, headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, and seizures. While most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases can lead to long-term neurological damage or death. Vaccination is available and recommended in regions where JE is endemic.

Preventive measures to stay safe during monsoon

Given the increased risk of mosquito-borne diseases during the monsoon season, it is essential to take preventative measures to protect yourself and your community. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk:

– Eliminate breeding sites: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, so it’s critical to eliminate any sources of standing water in your home, such as flower pots, buckets, and clogged drains. Regularly clean and empty containers that can collect water.

– Use mosquito repellents: Apply mosquito-repellent creams or sprays to exposed skin, especially at dawn and dusk when mosquito activity is highest. Mosquito nets and screens can also provide effective protection.

– Wear protective clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks to minimize skin exposure to mosquito bitesIt is preferable to wear light-colored clothing, as mosquitoes are attracted to dark colors.

– Install mosquito screens on doors and windows: Make sure that doors and windows are fitted with mosquito screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home. Repair any holes or gaps in the screens.

– Support community-based initiatives: Participate in community-based mosquito control programs, such as spraying and larviciding, which help reduce mosquito populations. Public health authorities often organize these initiatives during the monsoon season.

– Stay informed: Stay informed about any mosquito-borne disease outbreaks in your area and follow recommendations provided by local health authorities. Early detection and treatment are critical to preventing complications.